Nazar G. Talabani1, Khadija M. Ahmed2, & Farouk H. Faraj3
College of Dentistry1,2 College of Medicine3, University of Sulaimani
Abstract:
Oral cancer is one of the most debilitating and disfiguring of all malignancies; it is one of the most
frequently occurring cancers in the body. This study is designed to achieve a retrospective and a
prospective epidemiological study on oral cancer in Sulaimani city .
In the retrospective cases of oral cancer in ten years (1995-2004) were reviewed, and the prospective
study included oral cancer cases diagnosed during the study period. Seventy three cases in the
retrospective part and 18 cases in the prospective part were recorded. All cases were analyzed according
to age, sex, site and histopathological presentation.
In the retrospective part, the patients were 44 males and 29 females with male to female ratio 1.5:1. The
lip was the most commonly affected site by oral cancer (32 cases 43.84%), followed by tongue (16 cases,
21.92%).The peak onset of oral cancer seen in age groups (51-60) and (61-70) years .Squamous cell
carcinoma was the major histopathological version, followed by tumor of salivary gland region. In the
prospective part of the study the patients were15 males, and 3 females. Age group (41-50) was the most
commonly affected. The lip was the most commonly affected site. The most frequent histopathological
type was squamous cell carcinoma.
It was obvious that almost all the cases were seen in an advanced stage, the delay was found to be mainly
due to ignorance of the patients, and delay in diagnosis and referral by dental practitioners. Lack of
information about habitual smoking and drinking, were noticed. Necessity of cancer registry in Sulaimani
is suggested.
Keywords: Oral cancer, Squamous cell carcinoma, patients, habits, smoking,and cancer
registry.
References:
1- Neville B; Damm D;Allen C; Bouquot J: Oral and maxillofacial pathology, 2nd edn. Saunders, Philadelphia ,2002, 365-380.
2-Johnson N W: Global epidemiology.In: Eds Shah J P, Jhonson N W, Batsakis J G. Oral cancer. 1st ed., an imprint of the Taylore & Francis group ,2003,3-32.
3- Walker DM;Boey G; Mc Donald LA: The pathology of oral cancer.J Path ,2003, 35,376-388.
4- Gorsky M., Littner MM., Sukman Y. , Begleiter A. : The prevalence of Oral cancer in relation to the ethnic origin of Israeli Jews. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol ,1994, 78(3),408–411.
5- Boyle P;MacFarlane J; Zheng T; Maisonneuve P; Evstifeeva T;Scully C : Recent advances in epidemiology of head and neck cancer. Curr Opin Oncol 1992 ;4:471– 4776.
6- Jovanovic A; Schulten EA; Kostense PJ;Show GB;Vander Wail I :Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip and oral cavity in Netherlands; an epidemiological study of 740 patients. J Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surg ,1993,21,149–152
7- Boyle P;MacFarlane J;Maisonneuve P et al: Epidemiology of mouth cancer in 1989: a review. J R Soc Med ,1990, 83,724–730.
8- Sunkaranarayanan R : Oral cancer in India: an epidemiological and clinical review.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol ,1990, 69,325– 330.
9- Ezzat A; Raja M; Ofelia TE; Michels D; Bazarbashis M : Frequency and distribution of 22836 adult cancer cases referred to King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center. Ann Saudi Med ,1996,16(2),152–158.
10- Ibrahim SO; Johanessen AC;Idris AM et al: Immunohistochemical detection of p53 in non malignant and malignant oral lesions associated with snuff dipping in the Sudan and Sweden. Int J Cancer ,1999,68,749–753.
11- The World Health Report Conquering suffering, enriching humanity (executive summary). WHO, Geneva ,1997.
12-Talabani N G: Toward a better diagnostic ability of oral cancer in general practice. Iraqi Dental J ,1995 ,22,5-9.
13- Rasheed R H: Oral cancer in Iraq. Clincopathological study. M.Sc thesis. College of Dentistry,University of Baghdad, 1989.
14-Talabani N G: Oral squamous cell carcinoma in Iraq: clinico pathological analysis of 1360- cases. Iraqi Dent. ,1998,22,5-9.
15- Al- Reyahi A. B.: Retrospective analysis of malignant oral lesions for 1534 patients in Iraq during the period (1991-2000). M.Sc thesis, College of Dentistry University of Baghdad, 2004.
16- Al-Rawi,N H ;Talabani,N G :Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity: a case series analysis of clinical presentation and histological grading of 1,425 cases from Iraq, Clin Oral Invest ,2008,12,15–18.
17- Al-Saleem T; Alash N : Cancer in Iraq. Analysis of 5838 cases. Iraqi Med ,1976, 24(4),14–18.
18- Al-Saleem T;Al-Habooby N; Ferman N : Review of cancer frequency in the teaching hospitals, Baghdad, Iraq. J Fac Med Baghdad ,1976,15,15–23.
19- Perriman A : Oral cancer in Iraq. Analysis of 202 cases. Br J Oral Surg ,1973,11,146–151.
20- Franceschi S; Bidoli E ; Munoz N: Comparison of cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx world wide:etiological clues. Oral Oncol,2002,36,106-115.
21-Notani P N: Epidemiology and prevention of head and neck cancer: a global review.In: Contemporary issue of oral cancer, Eds. Saranath D. 2002; Oxford University Press.
22- Gevasio OLAS; Dutra RA;Tartaglia SMA; Vascocellos W A; Barbosa A A; Aguiar MCF: Oral squamous cell carcinoma. A retrospective study of 740 cases in a Brazilian population.Braz Dent ,2001,12,57-61.
23-Cawson R ; Odell E W: Oral cancer.In: Cawson's essential of oral pathology and oral medicine 7th ed. ,2002,243-254.
24 -Parkin D M; Bary F; Ferlay J ;Pisani P: Global cancer statistics. CA J Clin ,2005, 55,74-108.
